As the Trump administration and major tech companies promote nuclear energy, is the industry making a comeback?

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Dave Marcheskie remembers the day Constellation Energy announced it would close the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant in 2019. 

“It was such an emotional day, a very sad day. A lot of people were crying because it was an end of an era and we didn’t think this plant was coming back,” he said. “We thought this plant was shutting down forever. The people that were working here, we may never see again.”

Marcheskie had been working as the company’s community relations manager for two years. 

The company closed the plant back then because electricity from natural gas was cheap, and the nuclear plant could not compete. 

Constellation operated the reactor known as Unit 1, which was not part of the infamous accident in 1979. That happened in another reactor, Unit 2. A mechanical or electrical failure stopped sending water to remove heat from the reactor, causing a partial meltdown. Tens of thousands of people in the surrounding area had to evacuate. The accident led to stricter regulations on nuclear power. 

Unit 1 restarted in 1985. Ownership changed hands a few times, and Constellation closed the plant in 2019. 

Marcheskie stayed with the company, and worked at another nearby nuclear power plant. But in 2024, Microsoft announced a deal with Constellation to reopen the reactor, and buy power from the plant for 20 years. Constellation would spend $1.6 billion on the project, and the federal government backed the deal with a $1 billion loan. 

“The fact that we’re restarting and it’s been like a mini reunion walking around here, seeing folks who I haven’t seen in five years, I’m getting chills just thinking about it now,” Marcheskie said. “I cannot wait for the day until we push the button and go back online and you start seeing water vapor come out of those cooling towers once again..” 

The project to restart the reactor on Three Mile Island comes as nuclear power is in the spotlight in the U.S. once again. 

Microsoft, Google, and Amazon have all recently invested in nuclear energy to power data centers for artificial intelligence. The Trump administration also set ambitious goals for nuclear power in the U.S., signing executive orders calling for nuclear energy capacity in the U.S. to quadruple by 2050, and for construction to start on 10 new nuclear reactors by 2030. 

Public opinion on nuclear energy is also changing. 

Following the two high profile accidents at nuclear power plants in Chernobyl in the former Soviet Union and Three Mile Island in Pennsylvania, polls showed Americans became skeptical of nuclear energy. One Gallup poll in 1986 found that more than 70% of Americans polled did not want a nuclear power plant in their area. 

But a Gallup poll from last year found that 61% of Americans support nuclear power, the highest point in more than a decade.

That includes some notable changes in how environmental advocacy groups see nuclear power. 

The Sierra Club remains opposed to nuclear power, but the Nature Conservancy now supports it. 

The Natural Resources Defense Council recently, for the first time ever, publicly supported a plan to reopen a nuclear power plant in Iowa. 

Kit Kennedy, who oversees the organization’s advocacy around clean energy, said the NRDC decided to support this project because of a few trends: more demand for electricity for data centers, energy prices going up, and the Trump administration attacking renewable energy.

“Nuclear power is having a moment. There’s a lot of bipartisan support and momentum. And nuclear power will continue to play a role in our electricity system. But I would expect that clean energy, solar, wind, battery, transmission, energy efficiency will play a larger role.” 

Even some people who live near Three Mile Island have changed their minds about nuclear energy, said Eric Epstein, who lives 12 miles away from Three Mile Island. He started a nuclear safety watchdog organization called Three Mile Island Alert in 1977, two years before the accident. 

“You went from a community that was very pro nuclear to a community where trust was broken. However, we’re three generations away. And so younger people are much more supportive of nuclear power than people that are older and experienced what occurred.” 

The changing opinion is due to “the shortness of people’s memories,” said Tim Judson, executive director of a nonprofit called the Nuclear Information and Resource Service, which has advocated for decades against nuclear power, in favor of renewable energy sources like wind and solar. 

Judson said Microsoft could have bought cheaper power from Constellation’s other nuclear power plants, without paying to help restart Three Mile Island.

“Solar and wind with battery storage are the cheapest energy sources on the grid today worldwide, so why aren’t we putting our emphasis there but instead putting it on restarting a 50-year-old nuclear power plant that was uneconomical seven years ago and spending billions of dollars to try to restart that thing?” 

He said nuclear power is expensive, and as an example, pointed to two nuclear power plants that opened recently in Georgia and led to higher energy bills for consumers. 

But despite all the recent changes, nuclear energy researcher and policy expert Jessica Lovering said the current moment is not as big for the nuclear industry as one might think. 

“It’s a turning point, but maybe not as sharp of a turning point as it seems from, maybe the outside, if you haven’t been paying attention,” she said. 

She pointed out both Democrats and Republicans have supported nuclear power for years now.

What has changed are: the big energy demand for data centers, tech companies realizing they cannot meet their commitments to use clean energy with just renewable sources like wind and solar, President Donald Trump being much more ambitious with what he wants to see from nuclear energy in the U.S.

However, Lovering and other experts have some concerns about whether the industry can scale up safely, especially when it comes to new technology. 

NPR reported that the Trump administration has significantly cut nuclear safety regulations so companies can get licenses for new reactors faster.

The new orders lower security requirements for the new reactors, loosen environmental rules, cut back on record keeping, and increase how much radiation a worker can be exposed to before triggering an official accident investigation. 

Lovering said the industry has long asked for more streamlined regulations, but even they are worried with how fast Trump wants to move.

“There is definitely a lot of concern, even within the industry, that too dramatic of a change could really harm public trust and transparency around the process.” 

She said the risk is that loosening regulations too much could make the American public lose trust in nuclear energy, once again.